CyclicBarrier 翻译过来叫循环栅栏、循环障碍什么的(还是有点别扭的。所以还是别翻译了,只可意会不可言传啊)。它主要的方法就是一个:await()。await() 方法没被调用一次,计数便会减少1,并阻塞住当前线程。当计数减至0时,阻塞解除,所有在此 CyclicBarrier 上面阻塞的线程开始运行。在这之后,如果再次调用 await() 方法,计数就又会变成 N-1,新一轮重新开始,这便是 Cyclic 的含义所在。
CyclicBarrier 的使用并不难,但需要主要它所相关的异常。除了常见的异常,CyclicBarrier.await() 方法会抛出一个独有的 BrokenBarrierException。这个异常发生在当某个线程在等待本 CyclicBarrier 时被中断或超时或被重置时,其它同样在这个 CyclicBarrier 上等待的线程便会受到 BrokenBarrierException。意思就是说,同志们,别等了,有个小伙伴已经挂了,咱们如果继续等有可能会一直等下去,所有各回各家吧。
CyclicBarrier.await() 方法带有返回值,用来表示当前线程是第几个到达这个 Barrier 的线程。
和 CountDownLatch 一样,CyclicBarrier 同样可以可以在构造函数中设定总计数值。与 CountDownLatch 不同的是,CyclicBarrier 的构造函数还可以接受一个 Runnable,会在 CyclicBarrier 被释放时执行。
“NOTE: CyclicBarrier 的功能也可以由 CountDownLatch 来实现
上面的内容参考自:
下面的例子引用thinking in java(网络上的简单例子体现不出CyclicBarrier存在的意义,和CountDownLatch的用处差不多)
1 package com.xt.thinks21_7; 2 3 //: concurrency/HorseRace.java 4 // Using CyclicBarriers. 5 import java.util.concurrent.*; 6 import java.util.*; 7 8 /** 9 * 马儿类 10 * @author Administrator 11 * 12 */ 13 class Horse implements Runnable { 14 private static int counter = 0; 15 private final int id = counter++; 16 private int strides = 0; 17 private static Random rand = new Random(47); 18 private static CyclicBarrier barrier; 19 20 public Horse(CyclicBarrier b) { 21 barrier = b; 22 } 23 24 public synchronized int getStrides() { 25 return strides; 26 } 27 28 public void run() { 29 try { 30 while (!Thread.interrupted()) { 31 synchronized (this) { 32 //马儿奔跑的不熟,可能是0步,1步,2步 33 strides += rand.nextInt(3); // Produces 0, 1 or 2 34 } 35 //当前线程加入 36 barrier.await(); 37 /* 38 * await的源码 39 * public int await() throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException { 40 try { 41 return dowait(false, 0L); 42 } catch (TimeoutException toe) { 43 throw new Error(toe); // cannot happen 44 } 45 } 46 47 dowait的源码: 48 private int dowait(boolean timed, long nanos) 49 throws InterruptedException, BrokenBarrierException, 50 TimeoutException { 51 final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock; 52 lock.lock(); 53 try { 54 final Generation g = generation; 55 56 if (g.broken) 57 throw new BrokenBarrierException(); 58 59 if (Thread.interrupted()) { 60 breakBarrier(); 61 throw new InterruptedException(); 62 } 63 64 int index = --count; 65 if (index == 0) { // tripped 66 boolean ranAction = false; 67 try { 68 final Runnable command = barrierCommand; 69 */ 70 71 //这里需要注意,判断了CyclicBarrier构造器中的runnable接口是否为空,不为空回调run方法 72 // if (command != null) 73 // command.run(); 74 75 /* 76 ranAction = true; 77 nextGeneration(); 78 return 0; 79 } finally { 80 if (!ranAction) 81 breakBarrier(); 82 } 83 } 84 85 // loop until tripped, broken, interrupted, or timed out 86 for (;;) { 87 try { 88 if (!timed) 89 trip.await(); 90 else if (nanos > 0L) 91 nanos = trip.awaitNanos(nanos); 92 } catch (InterruptedException ie) { 93 if (g == generation && ! g.broken) { 94 breakBarrier(); 95 throw ie; 96 } else { 97 // We're about to finish waiting even if we had not 98 // been interrupted, so this interrupt is deemed to 99 // "belong" to subsequent execution.100 Thread.currentThread().interrupt();101 }102 }103 104 if (g.broken)105 throw new BrokenBarrierException();106 107 if (g != generation)108 return index;109 110 if (timed && nanos <= 0L) {111 breakBarrier();112 throw new TimeoutException();113 }114 }115 } finally {116 lock.unlock();117 }118 */119 }120 } catch (InterruptedException e) {121 // A legitimate way to exit122 } catch (BrokenBarrierException e) {123 // This one we want to know about124 throw new RuntimeException(e);125 }126 }127 128 /**129 * 打印马儿id130 */131 public String toString() {132 return "Horse " + id + " ";133 }134 135 /**136 * 打印马儿奔跑轨迹137 */138 public String tracks() {139 StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();140 for (int i = 0; i < getStrides(); i++)141 s.append("*");142 s.append(id);143 return s.toString();144 }145 }146 147 /**148 * 马儿奔跑的类149 * @author Administrator150 *151 */152 public class HorseRace {153 static final int FINISH_LINE = 75;154 private Listhorses = new ArrayList ();155 private ExecutorService exec = Executors.newCachedThreadPool();156 private CyclicBarrier barrier;157 158 public HorseRace(int nHorses, final int pause) {159 //CyclicBarrier构造器,第二个参数为回调接口,触发条件是await计数到0的时候,也就是所有线程已经加入CyclicBarrier160 barrier = new CyclicBarrier(nHorses, new Runnable() {161 public void run() {162 StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();163 //打印栅栏164 for (int i = 0; i < FINISH_LINE; i++)165 s.append("="); // The fence on the racetrack166 System.out.println(s);167 //打印所有马儿的奔跑轨迹168 for (Horse horse : horses)169 System.out.println(horse.tracks());170 //如果有一个马儿奔跑到了终点,则取消执行器执行所有线程了171 for (Horse horse : horses)172 if (horse.getStrides() >= FINISH_LINE) {173 System.out.print(horse + "won!");174 exec.shutdownNow();175 return;176 }177 //每一次所有马儿奔跑一次之后休眠时间178 try {179 TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS.sleep(pause);180 } catch (InterruptedException e) {181 System.out.println("barrier-action sleep interrupted");182 }183 }184 });185 //加入所有马儿到线程列表,执行器执行线程列表(所有马儿奔跑)186 for (int i = 0; i < nHorses; i++) {187 Horse horse = new Horse(barrier);188 horses.add(horse);189 exec.execute(horse);190 }191 }192 193 public static void main(String[] args) {194 int nHorses = 7;195 int pause = 200;196 if (args.length > 0) { // Optional argument197 int n = new Integer(args[0]);198 nHorses = n > 0 ? n : nHorses;199 }200 if (args.length > 1) { // Optional argument201 int p = new Integer(args[1]);202 pause = p > -1 ? p : pause;203 }204 new HorseRace(nHorses, pause);205 206 }207 } /* (Execute to see output) */// :~
总结:
thinking in java上面的代码例子都是精华,不是网络上一般的博主能够写出来的,理解了对自己很有好处,及时一个知识点花上一个小时也可以。
但是美中不足的是:thinking in java中翻译过来有些地方阐述的不是很清楚(可能也是原著就没阐述清楚),例如。它主要的方法就是一个:await()。await() 方法没被调用一次,计数便会减少1,并阻塞住当前线程。当计数减至0时,阻塞解除,所有在此 CyclicBarrier 上面阻塞的线程开始运行。在这之后,如果再次调用 await() 方法,计数就又会变成 N-1,新一轮重新开始,这便是 Cyclic 的含义所在。这段话对CyclicBarrier的理解太重要了我认为。